Analytical Essay Sample on SEMATECH in the Marketplace

Analytical Essay Sample on SEMATECH in the Marketplace The U.S. government is usually thought of as the enforcer of statutes aimed at maintaining competition in a given market segment. Even forcing the break-up of individual companies deemed to have an unfair advantage in monopolizing entire markets as in the case of ATT in the 1980’s. In 1987, however, the same government was involved in bringing together a consortium of competing American manufacturers in a joint research and development effort on a scale never seen for individual companies in the U.S. This newly formed organization called SEMATECH or Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology, was created in March of 1987 and was seen both as the object of hope and the cause of extreme controversy as it tried to gain acceptance from industry giants and entrepreneurial start-up companies alike. A decade previous, U.S. semiconductor manufacturers controlled 90% of the world market for DRAM memory devices. (10)   By 1987 the combined DRAM market share for American manufacturers was 20% and in danger of further decline. (10)   It came as no surprise that the main benefactors of the U.S. manufacturer’s decline were the Japanese.   By 1987 the three largest semiconductor manufacturers in the world were Nippon Electric, Toshiba, and Hitachi. (1,2) How the U.S. comparative advantage had been lost was the subject of heated debate but whatever the reason, industry insiders such as George Schneer, then vice president for Intel Corporation, a major U.S. chip manufacturer, said the U.S. simply â€Å"lacked manufacturing competitiveness.†Ã‚   American manufacturers were quick to point out that there are a number of factors that impact the competition in the world market that are different than those in markets regulated by a single government.   They cited the role of the Japanese government as a technology broker, limiting internal competition between Japanese high technology companies and subsidizing research and development costs so as to help Japanese companies keep production costs down. The solution according to some was a similar pooling of research and development resources by American semiconductor manufacturers along with supplemental funding by the government.

101 Intro to Argument Professor Ramos Blog

101 Intro to Argument Graff â€Å"Hidden Intellectualism† (264) Quick Write What are some problems or issues that would benefit from us researching and writing about them? Research Argument Topics These are very general topics to consider. For our project, we will be arguing for positive change. The issues or problems can be from the list below. Legalize Drugs Rap Lyrics promote sexism Gun Laws Universal Health Care Planned Parenthood Death Penalty Miss Information Protesting Freedom of Speech Gas taxes Border Wall Make drugs illegal Marijuana Laws Trump Same-sex marriage Trans Bathrooms Free College Trains vs Autos Animal Testing Participation Trophies Prostitution should be legal Homework is good or bad? Try minors as adults Driving age raised Drinking age lowered Paternity Leave Graff â€Å"Hidden Intellectualism† (264) In the article â€Å"Hidden Intellectualism,† Gerald Graff argues that schools should encourage students to write about subjects that interests them. While passion about a subject does not necessarily mean they will write well about it, they can benefit from reflective and analytical writing about subjects they care about. Nonacademic subjects can be â€Å"more intellectual than school† (267). What does he mean by intellectual here? Look at paragraph 10 on page 267. Real intellectuals turn any subject, however lightweight it may seem, into grist for their mill through thoughtful questions they bring to it, whereas a dullard will find a way to drain the interest out of the richest subject (265). Do you agree with this statement? Why? Who is his audience? What is his purpose? Give me the student anytime who writes a sharply argued, sociologically acute analysis of an issue in  Source  over the student who writes a life ­less explication of  Hamlet  or Socrates’  Apology  (270). Logos Evidence, S.T.A.R. Sufficient Typical Acceptable Relevant Rhetorical Questions Signposts Transitions and connections Pre-buttals Anticipate objections and answering Famous Arguments Martin Luther Kings I have a Dream Speech Is his speech successful? How does he build Ethos? Where does he use Pathos? Identify uses of Logos. The Danger of a Single Story Novelist  Chimamanda Adichie  tells a story about how she found her authentic voice and warns against a single story. Where did she use Ethos, Logos, and Pathos? How persuasive is she?

Team Building Exercise - Team Building Resolution Defined Research Paper

Team Building Exercise - Team Building Resolution Defined - Research Paper Example This paper thus aims to discuss various exercises of team building for resolving conflicts. Team Building Exercise for Conflict Resolution As also mentioned earlier, conflicts can be possessed optimistically as well. However, there can even be situations when conflicts take the negative form and these situations generally arise when the members of the team begin to develop feelings of being defeated and experience a workforce scenario of disbelieve and mistrust. Before finding solution to problem, it is essential to diagnose the problem with regard to the reason of its occurrence. Thus, reasons of conflict are required to be identified preliminarily. Reasons for Conflict in Teams One of the most common reasons of conflict is mismanagement of the procedures of administration. Lacking of strong base knowledge among the members will ignite the problem of co-ordination and thus conflict will arise. Overrunning of costs also becomes a factor of conflict when the members show reluctance in generating additional funding before the occurrence of these overruns. Project schedules often creates the conflict as not all the team members show co-operative moves for accomplishing a task within set deadlines. Erroneous realization of responsibilities also creates the conflicts which happen when team members become unaware of their assigned areas of work. It is within the hands of the team members to evade conflicts’ occurrences. If the members stay aware of the possible reasons of conflict, they can generate required steps for making certain effective planning and this can be an effective move towards good planning for exercising team building (The Team Building Directory, 2011). Roles to Be Played By the Team Leader The team leader plays an extremely important role in enhancing the spirits of working in a team among the members. The first movement that the team leader can initiate is that of making the members spend lots of time collectively in works they perform. Alt hough interaction among the members is not constantly possible, the team leader should strive for creating situation where they can interact. Team leader should organize periodic sessions of refreshment for making greater cohesion among the team members. Inclusion of group session for training, presentation session on inspiring areas and organization of socials would provide scope for joint session among the team members. The team leader should try out innovative ways of keeping the team energized by incorporating brand new ideas and information. Energizing the team would stimulate the members to co-ordinate with each other (Priscoli, 2003). Conduction of Team Building Exercise The â€Å"group stage formation theory† by Tuckman provided five stages essential for conducting team building approach among team members. The stages include forming, storming, norming, performing and transforming. In the forming stage, the team decides on the particular member whom to follow througho ut the accomplishment process of any task. Storming stage reflects the generation of negative performance among the team members and this is the decider stage for the leaders because in this stage the members develop critical

Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethics - Research Paper Example Ethics assumes that people are rationale beings, and they are free. These assumptions are critical since they affect the level of people’s moral responsibility. Ethics involves two objects, which are physical or nonphysical. In the physical object involves the doer of an action while nonphysical object consists of the act being performed by the doer. Moral acts of human are viewed as being official ethical objects, because they comprise moral values. Therefore, in each decision that man makes, either in business or government, we are always subjected to approach such issues, if they are moral judgments, or whether they are objective. Ethics entails individuals to express insights in aspects of reality, instead of sheer feelings, requirements, decisions, or conventions among others. The aspect of ethics is based on theorizing it as an issue of free and intelligent decision that seeks the intelligent fit for what is right and acceptable in society. Ethics is founded on a set of ethical and moral principles. These principles are binding to all businesses and governments and must be seriously observed. The ethical values override all human rationalism, weakness, ego and personal errors. The government and business employers are integral in ensuring that the ethical aspects of society are upheld. There are numerous values that have spurred successful corporations to the peak of the business world, as they have managed to withstand the time test, and enhanced the development of such organizations. Ethics entails that businesses should be honest in their operations, toward their customers and surrounding community. Honest businesses are always observant of set legal laws and accountable to their mission. However, dishonest businesses are locked in continuous scandals that have not only split their reputation but as well led to critics questioning their ethical relevance. By partaking in highest ethical standards businesses is entailed to embrace integrity and w hich enables them to connote their strength and stability. Businesses that exhibit integrity indicate completeness as well as soundness in a person’s temperament and that of their organization. Similarly, companies that exhibit responsibility are considered to be ethical. Those that take accountability and responsibility for their actions, helped to maximize, on respect and cohesion, in society. Responsible businesses do not blame others, claim victimhood or pass the buck and refuse to take responsibility of what they have caused. Actions indicate the ability for one to be responsible both in little and massive things; thus ensuring that ethical values are maintained (Menzel, p.21). Ethics also entails businesses to provide quality products to their customers. Quality entails more than producing the best product but should comprise every aspect of the organization’s activities. Businesses that offer quality have a profound sense of self-respect, pride in achievement, a nd thoughtfulness that influences all things. Ethic is exhibited when businesses communicate professionalism and quality. Furthermore, ethics requires businesses to be trustworthy and respectful in their operations. Trust helps companies, to attain customer confidence, in their product and business, and it becomes exceedingly hard for a business to get it back, once it is lost. Conversely, respect is considered to

Proposals.. riding a bicycle in aruria campus Essay

Proposals.. riding a bicycle in aruria campus - Essay Example The proposal also covers the cost of the project. Moreover, it gives details of the team that will be performing this project. Furthermore, there is a detailed schedule of tasks and time required to carry out these tasks, followed by a Gantt chart which gives a visual display of the tasks and time required for their completion. This proposal focuses on the target audience which mainly comprises of the students, faculty and staff at the Auraria campus. The proposal also gives an overview as to why bicycles should be allowed at campus and what benefits can be. For the purpose of achieving results, the proposal also suggests that surveys should be carried out on different campuses to get the opinions of other student bodies. Also, surveys should be carried out at the Auraria campus in order to learn what the students want and how they think this problem can be solved. It is highly possible that with these surveys, the management and the team working on this project, might be able to wor k out something better and more student friendly. The proposal has details that will explain the pros, cons, cost, and qualifications that will help get this plan started. The plan is easy and

Parkinsons Disease | Case Study Essay

Parkinsons Disease | Case Study Essay This case is about a headmaster, Mr Boddy, who was experiencing a variety of problems that increased in severity and had an ever-increasing impact on his life. The symptoms were becoming increasingly obvious to both Mr Boddy and his children which lead to him going to see his GP who referred him to a specialist. The specialist started him on a course of drug but decided to change it within less than a year. From the symptoms described in the case, it is obvious that Mr Boddy has Parkinsons Disease. The issues presented in this case were discussed and learning objectives were produced which will be explored in this essay. Anatomy and function of the basal ganglia The basal ganglia are a group of deep nuclei that are located at the base of the forebrain and are linked to the thalamus. The deep nuclei that make up the basal ganglia are the caudate nucleus, the putamen, the globus pallidus, the substantia nigra and the subthalamic nucleus. (Michael-Titus, et al., 2010)The main function of the basal ganglia is to start and maintain motor actions and they play a vital role in the decision-making processes in the brain by processing cognitive and emotional information from the environment. They also communicate with the supplementary motor cortex to organise the correct excitation of the primary motor cortex as well as scaling the strength of the response. Another function is that they adjust movement on a minute by minute basis by communicating with the cerebellum. (Buot Yelnik, 2012) The nuclei of the basal ganglia can be classified as either input nuclei or output nuclei. The input nuclei are made up of the caudate and the putamen and as they are functionally similar they are known together as the striatum. They can be seen in Figure 1 where they are coloured purple. Most of its input comes from the cerebral cortex, however it also receives some input from the other basal ganglia nuclei. (Rolls, 1994) The output nuclei are the globus pallidus, substantia nigra and subthalamic nuclei. They can also be seen in Figure 1 and are in very close proximity to the striatum. The substantia nigra is split into two parts, the pars compacta(SNpc) and the pars reticulata (SNpr). The SNpc are the cells that produce dopamine and are damaged in parkinsons which is what happened to Mr Boddy. The SNpr receives input from the striatum and sends it to the ventral anterior, ventral lateral, and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei to control head and eye movements as well as carry out other f unctions. The globus pallidus is split into the internal (GPi) and external (GPe). The function of internal part of the nucleus is to send outputs to the thalamus. However, the function of the external portion of the nucleus is not fully understood but it appears to regulate and focus activity in the rest of the basal ganglia. (Hanna, et al., 2011) Damage to the basal ganglia is what caused Mr Boddys Parkinsons disease. Neurological pathway of dopamine and neurotransmitters involved in basal ganglia pathway One of the main effects of Parkinsons is on movement and this is true with Mr Boddy as he developed a lot of movement problems. Thus, there must be a problem with the basal ganglias modulation of movement. The normal modulation of movement can be explained in terms of a brake theory. In essence, to start one movement the brakes must be applied to other movements. So damage to the basal ganglia will result in an inability to stop current movements as well as difficulty initiating movement. (Rhoades Bell, 2009) The initiation of a motor programme and the maintenance of a motor programme are respectively controlled by the dopaminergic direct and indirect pathways. Whether a motor programme is going to start or be maintained is determined by the interaction of the two pathways. So damage to the substantia nigra pars reticulata which produces dopamine has adverse effects on these two pathways and alters their function thus altering their combined effect which manifests as the symptoms of Parkinsons. The direct pathway is excitatory and the indirect pathway is inhibitory. (Lenglet, et al., 2012) The direct pathway is activated via excitatory glutamatergic neurones from the cortex. This combined with the dopamine being released from the substantia nigra pars compacta causes inhibition, via GABAergic neurones, of the internal globus pallidus which then causes the net reduction of the inhibition, via GABAergic neurones, of the thalamus. This ultimately results in the increased excitation of the cortex via glutamatergic neurones which then causes increased excitatory output from the cortex to the muscle fibres via the lateral corticospinal tract. The excitatory direct pathway can be seen in Figure 2. The indirect pathway is very similar to the direct pathway. Once stimulated by the cortex, the neurones from the striatum project onto the external globus pallidus nuclei which causes inhibition. This inhibition results in the net reduction in the inhibition of the subthalamic nucleus. This results in the subthalamic nucleus projection of excitatory, glutamatergic, inputs into the i nternal globus pallidus which causes inhibition of the thalamus and this decreases stimulation of the motor cortex. Which then results in reduced muscle activity. As with the direct pathway, the indirect pathway is illustrated in Figure 2. The reason why dopamine released from the substantia nigra can have both excitatory and inhibitory affects is because of the dopamine receptors. The dopamine receptors D1 and D5 are found in the internal globus pallidus and are excitatory. The dopamine receptors D2-D4 are found in the external globus pallidus and are inhibitory. (Lenglet, et al., 2012) In Parkinsons disease substantia nigra pars compacta have degenerated and thus are producing less dopamine. This affects the D1-D5 receptors which results in less stimulation of the direct pathway and release of the inhibition of the indirect pathway. This means that the indirect pathway becomes the dominant one which inhibits the thalamus and thus will reduce motor activity in the motor cortex. This results in the characteristic symptoms of parkinsons. A diagram of the changes can be seen in Figure 3.These changes are what caused the problems that Mr Boddy was experiencing and the increasing severity of his symptoms was most likely caused by the continuing degeneration of his substantia nigra pars compacta cells. (Wu, et al., 2012) Symptoms of Parkinsons The symptoms that Mr Boddy experienced are mainly caused by the lack of dopamine resulting in the dominance of the indirect pathway. The first symptom that he developed was sleeping problems and this was most probably caused because the body has trouble initiating a sleep cycle. So once he wakes up in the middle of the night to go to the toilet for example, then he will not be able to go back to sleep because of the under activity of the direct pathway. The loss of the sense of humour and the tremors are also caused by Mr Boddy becoming stuck in a motor programme. The pill-rolling tremor is characteristic of Parkinsons. The clumsiness and falling over occur because the basal ganglia damage means that it cannot communicate normally with the cerebellum. There are also a number of other symptoms that present in patients with parkinsons disease. Even though everyone presents with Parkinsons differently, there are a number of symptoms that are present in everyone. They are listed in Table 1. Diagnosis of Parkinsons Diagnosis of Parkinsons is made from a medical history and neurological examinations alone. This is because the only test for Parkinsons at the present time can only be performed during a post mortem. After the neurological tests and the history have been taken the NICE guidelines (Table 2) have to be applied to the finding. In Mr Boddys case, he had two of the three criteria in Step 1 as well as four of the criteria that had to be met in Step 3 to make a definite diagnosis. Lewy bodies can be found during a post-mortem of a patient with Parkinsons. They appear as spherical masses which contain abnormal alpha synuclein protein deposits and are found on the brainstem. An example of a Lewy body can be seen in Figure 4. Treatment of Parkinsons There are a number of treatments for Parkinsons disease, each with their own side effects which means that their use must be strictly controlled and monitored. The most effective class of drug at elevating the symptoms of Parkinsons is L- dopa. L-dopa is the precursor for dopamine and it can cross the blood brain barrier where it is converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase to restore the dopamine levels in the brain to a normal level. Dopamine itself cannot be given as it cannot cross the blood brain barrier. However, if L-dopa is given on its own it will breakdown in the body and activate the vomiting centre in the brain and cause vomiting. So to counteract this problem, it is given with a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor which stops the conversion to dopamine in the body. As it cannot cross the blood brain barrier dopamine can still be produced in the brain. The main side effect is that after a long period of use side effects known as on-off phenomenon develop. Which is where there are periods of activity (on) followed by a state of being immobile (off). The patient can suddenly switch between these two states. Another side effect is dyski nesia. (Goetz, 2007) To avoid the end of dose side effects of L-dopa other drugs that are less effective are given first to prolong the time before L-dopa has to be given and the on-off effect starts happening. One type is a dopamine agonist. They work by binding to the post-synaptic receptors in the brain and have similar effects to L-dopa. However possible side effects include nausea, vomiting and fatigue. An example is bromocriptine or rotigotine. Another class of drug that is used is Monoamine oxidase inhibitors. They work by preventing the breakdown of dopamine. Their side effects include; headache, joint pain and depression. Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor works by preventing the breakdown of L-Dopa and the adverse effects are nausea, vomiting, diahorrea and abdominal pain. An example of a COMT inhibitor is entacapone. Mr Boddy was given Rasagiline to start with which is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. And then he was switched to L-Dopa which had a marked effect. (Longmore, 2007) Deep brain stimulation is another option for the treatment of Parkinsons. It cannot cure Parkinsons but by firing high frequency impulses into the brain it can reduce the symptoms of Parkinsons as well as reducing the adverse effects of the drugs which improves the patients quality of life. It could be suggested to Mr Boddy that he tries this option when the on-off effects start happening. (Rodriguez-Oroz, et al., 2005) Prognosis of Parkinsons If Parkinsons isnt treated then patients will be bedridden after 10 years of onset of the disease. The symptoms will advance rapidly. In people taking drugs the time taken for the disease to reach a stage where they are bed ridden is well over 15 years. (Poewe, 2006) However, the course of the disease is different in every individual with the disease progression being faster in people who are older. (Obeso, et al., 2010) Disability is linked to motor symptoms at the start of the disease but as it advances they are linked to motor symptoms that dont respond to medicine. Life expectancy for people with PD is also reduced. (Poewe, 2006) The advice that can be given to Mr Boddy is that there is no way of knowing for certain how Parkinsons will affect his future. However, the best case scenario is that he can carry on as normal for another 7 to 10 years before his symptoms greatly affect his job and family life. Conclusion In conclusion, this was a very interesting subject to look into and it made me realise how complex the disease is and how much of an impact it has on a persons life. If I had more time I would like to look further into the genetic links behind Parkinsons as well as looking into new methods of diagnosis that are being developed as I didnt have the time to do so.

Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury :: essays research papers

In the book Fahrenheit 451 there are many characters that have short parts and go by unnoticed to some. Other characters have noticeable parts but they are short and by the end of the book you forget about them. The minor characters are used to support ideas or to give background for the main character or characters. They have an important part in all stories and yet, for some reason, they are forgotten quickly and not given a second thought. In the book there are more than two minor characters but to bore you with all of them would be cruel so we won’t bother. The two that we will discuss are the ones that appealed to us the most. The first character I want to talk about is Clarisse McClellan. Clasrisse is a free spirited girl who is used to describe the way things are now in the world that Guy (the main character) and she live in. she is a teenager who live with her uncle, who is a very smart man of the old time and he tells her about the way things used to be. The main reason Clarisse is in the story is to show the ills of the world that is described in the book and to show Guy a new way of life. This is the basis for the changes that happen to Guy, emotionally, later in the book. After Clarisse serves her purpose in the plot, she is killed off. The other character that we feel is influential in the book is captain Beatty. Beatty opens Guys eyes to the truth as he sees it. He Finally tells Guy about the way things really used to be. He tells him the truth about what firemen used to do and the way the world used to work. But unlike Clarisse, Beatty likes the new world more and he tells Guy the way things used to be in a way that is distorted a little to make it seem horrible.